Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Matahari (PLTM)

Posted by admin | Artikel, News | Wednesday 25 November 2009 8:23 am
Sebuah perusahaan energi di AS tengah mengembangkan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Matahari (PLTM) yang akan ditempatkan di satelit yang mengorbit Bumi. Cara tersebut akan efektif karena pemanfaatan sinar Matahari bisa dilakukan 24 jam tak perlu tergantung cuaca dan perubahan siang malam.
Desain pembangkit listrik berbasis satelit tersebut saat ini tengah dirancang Solaren Corp. Satelit tersebut akan membawa rangkaian sel surya yang membentang hingga beberapa kilometer dan ditempatkan di ketinggian 40.000 kilometer.
Sel-sel surya akan mengumpulkan panas Matahari yang selanjutnya akan diubah menjadi gelombang radio. Gelombang radio tersebut lalu dipancarkan ke stasiun-stasiun penerima di permukaan Bumi. Di stasiun-stasiun tersebut, gelombang radio dikonversi lagi kali ini menjadi energi listrik yang akan dialirkan ke jaringan listrik.
Solaren telah mendapat kontrak dari Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), perusahaan listrik di California untuk memasok 200 megawatt dari pembangkit tersebut yang cukup untuk 250.000 pelanggan. Jika berjalan lancar, pembangkit tersebut mulai beroperasi tahun 2016.
Saat ini, tengah dipersiapkan pusat stasiun penerima di Fresno County, California. Wilayah tersebut cukup jauh dari permukiman sehingga tak mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Selain itu, hal itu lebih ekonomis karena lokasinya dekat dengan jaringan listrik nasional dan tak sejauh lokasi PLTM yang umumnya dibangun pada daerah terpencil di gurun.
“Meski sistem dengan ukuran sebesar ini dan konfigurasi eksaknya belum pernah dibuat, teknologi pendukungnya sangat matang dan berbasis teknologi satelit komunikasi,” ujar Gary Spirnak, CEO Solaren Corp. Ia mengatakan proyek tersebut bakal menghabiskan dana sekitar 2 miliar dollar AS.
Pengembangan pembangkit listrik tenaga matahari juga menjadi ambisi badan antariksa Jepang (JAXA). Namun, teknologi yang dikembangkan Jepang akan memancarkan gelombang mikro ke Bumi. Jika pengujian sukses, Jepang akan meluncurkan sejumlah satelit pendukung untuk memproduksi listrik yang cukup untuk 500.000 rumah tangga.

Sumber: di copy sesuai aslinya dari kompas

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